COP29: India asks rich countries to remove tech transfer restrictions, unilateral trade measures

Govt. representative Leena Nandan, Union Environment Secretary, urges rich countries to take the lead in cutting emissions and achieving net-zero by 2030

India’s Call at COP29: Advocating for Equity in Climate Action

Introduction

The 29th Conference of Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is underway, and India has made a bold appeal to developed nations. India, a leading voice for climate justice, has urged the global north to eliminate restrictions on technology transfer and unilateral trade measures. This demand aligns with India's ongoing commitment to ensuring equity in climate action and enabling the global south to transition towards sustainable development effectively.

India’s Stand on Technology Transfer

One of the core issues raised by India at COP29 is the restricted access to advanced climate technologies. The transfer of technology is crucial for enabling developing nations to adopt green energy solutions, mitigate emissions, and adapt to climate change. However, stringent intellectual property rights and limited accessibility have created hurdles for countries like India.

India's argument is rooted in the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities" (CBDR-RC). While developed nations have historically contributed the most to global emissions, developing countries are now bearing the brunt of climate impacts. India's Environment Minister highlighted the irony of these restrictions, stating:

“Technology should be a bridge, not a barrier, in our collective fight against climate change. Developed nations must lead by example.”

Unilateral Trade Measures: A Growing Concern

India also addressed the issue of unilateral trade measures, such as carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs), which are increasingly being implemented by developed countries. These measures impose additional costs on imports from countries with less stringent environmental regulations.

While proponents argue that such measures incentivize greener production processes, they disproportionately burden developing economies. India sees this as a form of “green protectionism” that undermines the spirit of multilateral climate agreements.

“Instead of fostering collaboration, these measures penalize countries striving to grow sustainably,” India’s delegation asserted.

India’s Progress in Climate Action

Despite these challenges, India has consistently demonstrated its commitment to combating climate change. The country has:

• Pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070.
• Expanded its renewable energy capacity significantly, aiming for 500 GW by 2030.
• Launched initiatives like the International Solar Alliance (ISA) to promote global solar energy adoption.

India argues that with equitable access to technology and resources, these efforts can be scaled up further, benefitting not just India but the entire global community.

The Role of Developed Nations

India’s demands at COP29 align with long-standing expectations from developed nations under the Paris Agreement. These include:

1. Financial Support: Delivering the promised $100 billion annually to help developing countries transition to green economies.
2. Technology Transfer: Removing barriers to the sharing of green technologies.
3. Capacity Building: Supporting nations in implementing sustainable practices through training and expertise.

Developed countries, however, have fallen short on these commitments, often citing domestic economic constraints. India’s message at COP29 is a reminder that climate change knows no borders, and delaying action will have catastrophic consequences globally.

International Reactions

India’s call for removing trade and technology barriers has garnered mixed reactions.

• Support from Developing Nations: Countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America have echoed India's sentiments, emphasizing the need for fair climate policies.
• Resistance from Developed Nations: Some developed countries argue that intellectual property rights incentivize innovation and that trade measures are necessary to ensure global accountability.

The tension reflects a deeper divide between the global north and south, with developing nations striving for equitable growth and developed countries emphasizing stringent climate standards.

Way Forward: Collaboration Over Conflict

For the global community to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, a collaborative approach is essential. This involves:

• Dialogue and Negotiation: Platforms like COP29 must be used to address disagreements and find common ground.
• Flexible Mechanisms: Developing countries should be allowed flexibility in implementing climate policies based on their unique challenges and capacities.
• Innovative Financing Models: Mechanisms like debt-for-climate swaps can help channel more resources into climate action.

India’s proposals, if heeded, could pave the way for a more inclusive and effective global climate strategy.

Conclusion

COP29 presents an opportunity for the world to reaffirm its commitment to tackling climate change through collective action. India’s demands for equitable technology transfer and the removal of unilateral trade barriers highlight the need for fairness in climate negotiations.

As one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, the global south cannot afford to be left behind. By addressing these concerns, the global community can ensure that climate action is not just effective but also just.

In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, often quoted in climate discussions:

“The earth has enough for everyone’s need, but not for everyone’s greed.”

The time for equitable action is now.